ミャンマー産植物Premna serratifoliaとJatropha multifida及び海綿Clathria proliferaに含まれるメラニン産生制御成分に関する研究

富山大学・富医薬博甲第305号・禹 昭年・2019/03/26当該博士論文は以下の項評論文で構成されています。①Woo, SY., Win, N.N., Wong, C.P. et al. Two new pyrrolo-2-aminoimidazoles from a Myanmarese marine sponge, Clathria prolifera, J Nat Med (2018) 72: 803-807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-018-1205-y This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of Natural Medicines. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-018-1205-y”.②So-Yeun Woo et al. Lignans with melanogenesis effects from Premna serratifolia wood, Fitoterapia (2019) 133:35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.12.008③So-Yeun Woo et al. A New Tetrahydrofuran Lignan from Premna serratifolia Wood, Natural Product Communications (2019) 14:113-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1901400130富山大

Establishment and characterisation of six human biliary tract cancer cell lines

Human cell lines established from biliary tract cancers are rare, and only five have been reported previously. We report the characterisation of six new six biliary tract cancer cell lines (designated SNU-245, SNU-308, SNU-478, SNU-869, SNU-1079 and SNU-1196) established from primary tumour samples of Korean patients. The cell lines were isolated from two extrahepatic bile duct cancers (one adenocarcinoma of common bile duct, one hilar bile duct cancer), two adenocarcinomas of ampulla of Vater, one intrahepatic bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), and one adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder. The cell phenotypes, including the histopathology of the primary tumours and in vitro growth characteristics, were determined. We also performed molecular characterisation, including DNA fingerprinting analysis and abnormalities of K-ras, p15, p16, p53, hMLH1, hMSH2, DPC4, β-catenin, E-cadherin, hOGG1, STK11, and TGF-βRII genes by PCR–SSCP and sequencing analysis. In addition, we compared the genetic alterations in tumour cell lines and their corresponding tumour tissues. All lines grew as adherent cells. Population doubling times varied from 48–72 h. The culture success rate was 20% (six out of 30 attempts). All cell lines showed (i) relatively high viability; (ii) absence of mycoplasma or bacteria contamination; and (iii) genetic heterogeneity by DNA fingerprinting analysis. Among the lines, three lines had p53 mutations; and homozygous deletions in both p16 and p15 genes were found three and three lines, respectively; one line had a heterozygous missense mutation in hMLH1; E-cadherin gene was hypermethylated in two lines. Since the establishment of biliary tract cancer cell lines has been rarely reported in the literature, these newly established and well characterised biliary tract cancer cell lines would be very useful for studying the biology of biliary tract cancers, particularly those related to hypermethylation of E-cadherin gene in biliary tract cancer

Innovation Practices in Emerging Economies: Do University Partnerships Matter?

Enterprises’ resources and capabilities determine their ability to achieve competitive advantage. In this regard, the key innovation challenges that enterprises face are liabilities associated with their age and size, and the entry barriers imposed on them. In this line, a growing number of enterprises are starting to implement innovation practices in which they employ both internal/external flows of knowledge in order to explore/exploit innovation in collaboration with commercial or scientific agents. Within this context, universities play a significant role providing fertile knowledge-intensive environments to support the exploration and exploitation of innovative and entrepreneurial ideas, especially in emerging economies, where governments have created subsidies to promote enterprise innovation through compulsory university partnerships. Based on these ideas, the purpose of this exploratory research is to provide a better understanding about the role of universities on enterprises’ innovation practices in emerging economies. More concretely, in the context of Mexico, we explored the enterprises’ motivations to collaborate with universities in terms of innovation purposes (exploration and exploitation) or alternatives to access to public funds (compulsory requirement of being involved in a university partnership). Using a sample of 10,167 Mexican enterprises in the 2012 Research and Technological Development Survey collected by the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography, we tested a multinomial regression model. Our results provide insights about the relevant role of universities inside enterprises’ exploratory innovation practices, as well as, in the access of R&D research subsidies

Overexpressed vs mutated Kras in murine fibroblasts: a molecular phenotyping study

Ras acts in signalling pathways regulating the activity of multiple cellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Amino-acid exchanges at position 12, 13, or 61 of the Kras gene convert the proto-oncogene into an activated oncogene. Until now, a direct comparison of genome-wide expression profiling studies of Kras overexpression and different Kras mutant forms in a single assay system has not been carried out. In our study, we focused on the direct comparison of global gene expression effects caused by mutations in codon 12 or 13 of the Kras gene and Kras overexpression in murine fibroblasts. We determined Kras cellular mRNA, Ras protein and activated Ras protein levels. Further, we compared our data to the proteome analysis of the same transfected cell lines. Both overexpression and mutations of Kras lead to common altered gene expression patterns. Only two genes, Lox and Col1a1, were reversely regulated in the Kras transfectants. They may contribute to the higher aggressiveness of the Kras codon 12 mutation in tumour progression. The functional annotation of differentially expressed genes revealed a high frequency of proteins involved in tumour growth and angiogenesis. These data further support the important role of these genes in tumour-associated angiogenesis

A Program for At-Risk High School Students Informed by Evolutionary Science

Improving the academic performance of at-risk high school students has proven difficult, often calling for an extended day, extended school year, and other expensive measures. Here we report the results of a program for at-risk 9th and 10th graders in Binghamton, New York, called the Regents Academy that takes place during the normal school day and year. The design of the program is informed by the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation and learning, in general and for our species as a unique product of biocultural evolution. Not only did the Regents Academy students outperform their comparison group in a randomized control design, but they performed on a par with the average high school student in Binghamton on state-mandated exams. All students can benefit from the social environment provided for at-risk students at the Regents Academy, which is within the reach of most public school districts

Determination of sin2 θeff w using jet charge measurements in hadronic Z decays

The electroweak mixing angle is determined with high precision from measurements of the mean difference between forward and backward hemisphere charges in hadronic decays of the Z. A data sample of 2.5 million hadronic Z decays recorded over the period 1990 to 1994 in the ALEPH detector at LEP is used. The mean charge separation between event hemispheres containing the original quark and antiquark is measured for bb̄ and cc̄ events in subsamples selected by their long lifetimes or using fast D*'s. The corresponding average charge separation for light quarks is measured in an inclusive sample from the anticorrelation between charges of opposite hemispheres and agrees with predictions of hadronisation models with a precision of 2%. It is shown that differences between light quark charge separations and the measured average can be determined using hadronisation models, with systematic uncertainties constrained by measurements of inclusive production of kaons, protons and A's. The separations are used to measure the electroweak mixing angle precisely as sin2 θeff w = 0.2322 ± 0.0008(exp. stat.) ±0.0007(exp. syst.) ± 0.0008(sep.). The first two errors are due to purely experimental sources whereas the third stems from uncertainties in the quark charge separations